Fig. 8

Parametric studies of FREEs for fiber angles over the range of \(10^{\circ }\) to \(80^{\circ }\) showing extension per unit length (\(\lambda _{z}\)), rotation per unit length (\(\tau\)), force, and moment as a function of applied pressure (top). Two different boundary conditions were applied to the FREE in each analysis (bottom). In all cases tested, FREEs are modeled with a length of 175 mm, an inner diameter of 9.52 mm, a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, and are wound with six fibers each