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Table 3 Standard deviation of laps

From: An immersive micro-manipulation system using real-time 3D imaging microscope and 3D operation interface for high-speed and accurate micro-manipulation

Condition

Image presentation

Operation interface

A

B

C

D

E

all

(a)

2D

Joystick

0.2

0.2

0.2

1.0

0.4

1.0

(b)

3D

Joystick

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.4

1.0

(c)

2D

Pen-type

1.2

0.7

0.8

0.7

1.2

1.8

(d)

3D

Pen-type

1.5

1.5

0.9

0.7

1.7

2.5

(e)

2D

Glove-type

0.5

0.7

0.5

1.9

0.7

1.2

(f)

3D

Glove-type

2.3

1.0

1.6

2.8

0.9

5.0